From the abstract: > The immense hardware complexity of modern computers, both mobile phones and datacenter servers, is a seemingly endless source of bugs and

From the abstract: > The immense hardware complexity of modern computers, both mobile phones and datacenter servers, is a seemingly endless source of bugs and vulnerabilities in system software. > Classical OSes cannot address this, since they only run on a small subset of the machine. The issue is interactions within the entire ensemble of firmware blobs, co-processors, and CPUs that we term the de facto OS. The current “whac-a-mole” approach will not solve this problem, nor will clean-slate redesign: it is simply not possible to replace some firmware components and the engineering effort is too great.