Many multinationals have a very long chain of middle managers between the CEO and the employee doing the actual work, aka "IC". Corporations who noticed that a

Many multinationals have a very long chain of middle managers between the CEO and the employee doing the actual work, aka "IC". Corporations who noticed that and started to limit the number of middle managers in the chain to 11, this caused lower ranks of middle managers to only lose their managerial status in the system, while still remaining being managers with the same titles and compensation - "dark management" / "shadow management" ;) I remember many years ago Intel fired sevral thousands of middle managers to shorten the command chain, and improve decision making.