https://www.investacast.com/industries/safety-critical/ https://www.investacast.com/industries/safety-critical/ These folks, among others, make a lot of them.

https://www.investacast.com/industries/safety-critical/ https://www.investacast.com/industries/safety-critical/ These folks, among others, make a lot of them. You are also incorrect about forging being used to introduce uniformity into the grain, it is typically (though not always, as some forging operations may just be for establishing shape) to stretch the grains such that they are oriented along the load path, resulting in higher allowable stresses. Look up highly loaded aircraft parts like landing gear, they are typically forged to establish the grain direction and then machined to final dimension. Nothing stops you from heat treating metal after it has been cast, either. Some heat treatments are also expressly to produce nonuniform conditions in the metal, case hardening for example.