tl;dr "2. The current situation in developing countries is much worse than generally pictured on the basis just of school enrollment and attainment. Because o

tl;dr "2. The current situation in developing countries is much worse than generally pictured on the basis just of school enrollment and attainment. Because of the previous findings — that knowledge rather than just time in school is what counts — policies must pay more attention to the quality of schools. Particularly in terms of aggregate growth, school attainment has a positive impact only if it raises the cognitive skills of students—something that does not happen with sufficient regularity in many developing countries. For developing countries, the sporadic or nonexistent assessment of student knowledge is an especially important issue — correcting this shortcoming should have the highest priority."