Heavily disagree with that first part; I have never worked at a company where the juniors learned by watching a senior do his job over his shoulder. They learne

Heavily disagree with that first part; I have never worked at a company where the juniors learned by watching a senior do his job over his shoulder. They learned by absorbing information over time, doing work, going through code reviews, looking at architecture diagrams, etc. Anything else was done mostly over screen sharing even before COVID. The same is the case at my current company, and the new juniors have had zero troubles with learning. Why? Because all of that can be done remotely. You only need to learn by watching if you are engaging in the physical world, and software itself is not physical at all, so there is never a reason to do anything in "real life" unless your software happens to be operating a robot or other physical device of some kind. There are endless wonderful cheap or free tools to enable everything that was previously in the physical world to be done remotely now, and if a company and it's employees can't use them right then it is a mix of organizational and personal failings.