> There are anti-spam measures that don't require locking down protocols. Of course. Locking down protocols is never required. It's being done because it benef

> There are anti-spam measures that don't require locking down protocols. Of course. Locking down protocols is never required. It's being done because it benefits the largest service providers by restricting their users' ability to move elsewhere. You're acting as if the status quo is an unfortunate situation that can be resolved by giving service providers the necessary technologies to interoperate. The exact opposite is the case. Service providers are actively undermining open protocols (EEE). They are very much aware that federation is possible, and they do not want it.