What do you mean by now? Nixon was using push polls in the 40s. And Lee Atwater mastered it in the 80s and 90s. The main difference between this and a push po

What do you mean by now? Nixon was using push polls in the 40s. And Lee Atwater mastered it in the 80s and 90s. The main difference between this and a push poll is that this particular tactic is not trying to conceal the conspiracy under the veneer of conducting a poll. And push polls had the goal of making a voter think twice about voting for your opponent (rather than trying to get them to not vote at all). There were racial dynamics with push polling too. Like the push poll Atwater conducted in South Carolina for the GW Bush campaign during the 2000 Republican primary which insinuated that John McCain had fathered an illegitimate black child (he and his wife had actually adopted an orphan from Bangladesh)