There are several uarch levels defined for x86_64 which include newer instructions than the baseline. Some distros are starting to move to use those higher leve

There are several uarch levels defined for x86_64 which include newer instructions than the baseline. Some distros are starting to move to use those higher levels, notably RHEL9 is x86_64-v2. You'll find lots of discussions happening around this topic, for example: https://www.phoronix.com/news/Arch-Linux-x86-64-v3-Port-RFC https://www.phoronix.com/news/Arch-Linux-x86-64-v3-Port-RFC