I find it quite unfair to blame Android for this. In the provided screenshots we can see that the OS actually deals quite well with screen size, the problem is

I find it quite unfair to blame Android for this. In the provided screenshots we can see that the OS actually deals quite well with screen size, the problem is the trend of making up for lack of UI & UX design skills with copious amounts of whitespace. App developers could spend time actually designing an efficient UI that allows you to get things done and displays information well, but that would take effort and ultimately detract from their primary purpose which is "engagement" - higher information density (enabled by taking advantage of larger screen sizes) would actually be counter-productive to this purpose if it makes you accomplish your tasks faster and thus "engage" less.