I learned a new word, "equipoise". That is, there an ethical dilemma when conducting a controlled trial: it's not ethical to withhold treatment from the control

I learned a new word, "equipoise". That is, there an ethical dilemma when conducting a controlled trial: it's not ethical to withhold treatment from the control group, if the treatment is already known to work. You'd be basically sacrificing peoples' health for the sake of trial results - to get data that's not worth much (since the treatment is already known to work). This seems to be a big issue in medical trials. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_equipoise https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_equipoise