White balance adjustments to camera raws don't generally use ICC profiles, they do whatever the combination of camera format and raw processor want. Which can

White balance adjustments to camera raws don't generally use ICC profiles, they do whatever the combination of camera format and raw processor want. Which can involve local adjustments, since you may want to process people differently from skies. So object recognition/segmentation models can definitely be involved, or what's essentially an upscaling model for better demosaicing. (That wouldn't be trained on public images though, unless they were the right format of camera raw.)