The really key thing with this is to identify what your database/Id is solving and what it is not. That's the money quote. If the indirection of long, composit

The really key thing with this is to identify what your database/Id is solving and what it is not. That's the money quote. If the indirection of long, composite, maybe changing foreign keys could be managed by the system, natural keys would be the way to go. But that doesn't happen. > They’re all arbitrary, unnatural, human inventions That part from the article is the weaker point. Semantics. "Natural" only means that it comes from the problem domain, it doesn't really matter.