Sebastian Lague made an excellent video "Ant and Slime Simulations" which explores how path-finding algorithms can use trails and gradient-based signaling to so

Sebastian Lague made an excellent video "Ant and Slime Simulations" which explores how path-finding algorithms can use trails and gradient-based signaling to solve spatial problems: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-iSQQgOd1A https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-iSQQgOd1A