interesting background! but the overview analysis lacks some parts. "multi-scale" modelling gives some clues.. let's think about connected systems more.. water

interesting background! but the overview analysis lacks some parts. "multi-scale" modelling gives some clues.. let's think about connected systems more.. water is the profound example, with weight and essential for basically all life. Water collects into rivers and flows, or seeps into the ground, in a way that is geographically connected always. Electrical energy has a connected nature. Not all electrical generation effects all other electrical generation, especially across continent scale. Put an ocean in the middle? mountain tops? vast desert? you have localized systems, not one big one. Now, think of activity hot-spots. The challenge is overheating from generation, and excess waste products from generation. Does a hot spot of activity in Ohio directly connect to activity in India? or Poland? no. only in the pooling of the waste in the air, not the direct outputs of power or physical forces. So you need an intermediate scale to think about multiple active hot-spots with a common waste pool. Next, there is no universal jurisdiction, nor universal will in practice. It is clearly a sociological and political challenge to change hot-spot creation and use globally. It is not "directly connected" when one part of the world decides to build or continue a coal operation, versus another. Skipping the middle scale in analysis leads to "doom loop" declarations like "China is doing it more so our efforts mean nothing" .. plus, local air is a real thing! It does have a positive effect locally, just not sufficient to deal with the global excess. Please continue critical thinking and analysis -- more intelligence needed.