https://www.theregister.com/2021/09/21/hms_severn_fleet_navigating_officers_course/ https://www.theregister.com/2021/09/21/hms_severn_fleet_navi... > The FNO c

https://www.theregister.com/2021/09/21/hms_severn_fleet_navigating_officers_course/ https://www.theregister.com/2021/09/21/hms_severn_fleet_navi... > The FNO course takes naval officers who have passed the navy's first-stage navigation qualification, Preliminary Navigating Officer, and qualifies those people to navigate larger ships of frigate/destroyer size. It also teaches them to do it in the absence of GPS, falling back on age-old skills that would have been familiar to sailors in the early 20th century.