A bit late? There's big money in chemistry, and that's made chemists secretive about the data since its start in the 1700s. Longer if you include its alchemical

A bit late? There's big money in chemistry, and that's made chemists secretive about the data since its start in the 1700s. Longer if you include its alchemical roots. https://www.cairn.info/revue-entreprises-et-histoire-2016-1-page-32.htm https://www.cairn.info/revue-entreprises-et-histoire-2016-1-... """This article analyzes why late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century German and German-American high-technology firms were presented as being overly secretive in chemical circles in the United States. It suggests that German chemical companies did not just develop innovative uses of the patent system, but also pioneered intellectual property strategies of which both patenting and secrecy were important components. Focusing on two German-American firms, Mallinckrodt Chemical Works and Roessler & Hasslacher, the study relates statements on restrictive knowledge management and intellectual property practices of German companies to transatlantic institutional differences. It points to a dissonance between the persistent association of German high-technology enterprises with secrecy and the actual directions in which the German and American systems of corporate intellectual property were moving in the early twentieth century.""" https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048733397000140 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S00487... """In the 19th century, market leaders in the chemical industry combined patents and secrecy to deter entry. Within cartels, patents were used to stabilize cartels and organize technology licensing.""" "The History of Artificial Ultramarine (1787–1844): Science, Industry and Secrecy", https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/amb.2004.51.3.219 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/amb.2004.51.3.21...