Not sure what the point of your post is. Rome (and Greeks before them) did certainly see the difference between Romans and Barbarians, but they also integrated

Not sure what the point of your post is. Rome (and Greeks before them) did certainly see the difference between Romans and Barbarians, but they also integrated the newly conquered tribes into the army, and eventually society. At some point there were even “barbarian” senators, and Roman citizenship was granted to everyone residing in the empire. They clearly didn’t have the same idea of race that the Nazis, or most of the western world until not long ago, had.