Two things happened in '00s in relation to this question. One, on demand computing infrastructure (cloud), and two, the scaling requirements of a new breed of n

Two things happened in '00s in relation to this question. One, on demand computing infrastructure (cloud), and two, the scaling requirements of a new breed of networked services. The germinal change in response to these shifts was that processes replaced components, and system boundaries spanned devices. When your code is running on application servers and your applications are composed of components, all the tools were already there, in the OS and as add ons, like dtrace, and in whatever monitoring tools came with your application server. Today, instead of components, we compose systems out of (lightweight) processes, and processes can be created on any device, and the replacement for the application server is the whole gamut of k8, terraform, elastic, ..., etc. Nothing has changed in the abstract structure of our systems, its just that the current approach has the beast dismembered and spread out and loosely connected via protocols, instead of a linker or a dispatch mechanism of a platform.