Doesn't something like the loser paying winner's cost already exist? I've heard about it, but I don't know much about law. My lawyer once told me, here in my c

Doesn't something like the loser paying winner's cost already exist? I've heard about it, but I don't know much about law. My lawyer once told me, here in my country, it was possible for the winner to ask the loser for compensation, but that had many "ifs". But I have no idea how it works in the US. Does it exists at all? Anyone with legal experience could shed a light?