Here is a chart of DLI (daily light integral) needed for lots of common crops. https://www.horti-growlight.com/en-gb/typical-ppfd-dli-values-per-crop https://w

Here is a chart of DLI (daily light integral) needed for lots of common crops. https://www.horti-growlight.com/en-gb/typical-ppfd-dli-values-per-crop https://www.horti-growlight.com/en-gb/typical-ppfd-dli-value... Here is a map of DLI in the USA by month. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Maps-of-monthly-outdoor-DLI-throughout-the-United-States-Source-Mapping-monthly_fig1_242551992 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Maps-of-monthly-outdoor-... So there is some wiggle room maybe. Looks like about 30 is good DLI and the USA gets 40-60 in the summer. My gut feeling though tells me that the best performance is panels that use all the light or plants that get full access to it.