The question in this trial was: Will people in this at-risk population have less calcium buildup in the heart if we give them vitamin K2? The answer was, on ave

The question in this trial was: Will people in this at-risk population have less calcium buildup in the heart if we give them vitamin K2? The answer was, on average, no. That's the key piece of information for public health. Blood tests would tell us if the randomization ended with the two groups being very different, but the prior probability of that is small. Blood tests would also tell us if there is some subgroup that benefits more from the treatment, but with an increased risk of getting the answer wrong due to smaller sample sizes, which would lead to worse public health decisions.