Siri reveals the problem with deep integration using proprietary standards. A modular stack designed around interoperability and open standards makes it far eas

Siri reveals the problem with deep integration using proprietary standards. A modular stack designed around interoperability and open standards makes it far easier to swap a subpar software service with a superior one. Conversely, deep integration using custom interfaces requires redesign of many stack components to switch to a different design principle for just one component.