In 2nd century BC, the the indian scholar Pingala wrote Chandaḥśāstra where he developed a positional little endian (least significant digit on the left) base-2

In 2nd century BC, the the indian scholar Pingala wrote Chandaḥśāstra where he developed a positional little endian (least significant digit on the left) base-2 system using a sanskrit short syllable for 0 and long syllable for one