In examples from the physical world, I think one could conceivably claim that there are some underlying basic rule(s) that we haven't discovered yet, which woul

In examples from the physical world, I think one could conceivably claim that there are some underlying basic rule(s) that we haven't discovered yet, which would explain the "emergent" behavior. However if you take a look at cellular automata, which are artificial and thus completely defined, it's much clearer that complex "emergent" behavior really can result from nothing but very simple rules.