For 3) the difference with in office work is that the manager can passively check in on how someone is doing. Just casually checking someone's posture from acr

For 3) the difference with in office work is that the manager can passively check in on how someone is doing. Just casually checking someone's posture from across an office you can tell if they're struggling or not. Forcing a video call is a lot more formal and just doesn't have the same effect. People will attempt to present a cool demeanor. Someone who's doing great and is fully self sufficient in office can probably crank out code form home just fine... its the cases where people are struggling or need to collaborate in an non-formal way that I think in office helps the most.