How do you suppose that universities have pushed industry out of research? The reality is that industry has bay-and-large decided it only wants to do the develo

How do you suppose that universities have pushed industry out of research? The reality is that industry has bay-and-large decided it only wants to do the development part of R&D, and leave the research to someone else. Universities have stepped in to fill that gap. Of course this is messy, for example industry is very involved in the research in AI, but in places like medical technologies near 100% of the early development of everything from drugs to most devices is done out of Universities, and there is nothing stopping industry from trying to step in there.