Offline does not necessarily mean connected AT ALL, witch means not necessarily "local first" but "only local". Means on my iron, so under my control. For the

Offline does not necessarily mean connected AT ALL, witch means not necessarily "local first" but "only local". Means on my iron, so under my control. For the local first part, witch means "casually connected systems", the extra layer of complexity offer another layer of control and resilience: an autonomous car, capable of limited inertial navigation, with full local maps, routing capabilities etc can move even without GPS. Sure, it's more costly and complex than a connected-only car, but it's FAR safer to use. Similarly an autonomous ship is far safer than a connected only one, for obvious reason. Similarly in human terms local people with local power are FAR more resilient and effective than meat-based dysfunctional robots tied to some procedure. A VERY small simple example: I'm moved to France from Italy some years ago, now I decide to convert my perfectly valid Italian driving license in a local one. There is an automated (long) procedure. When I start it I've have had to give a scan of my Italian driving license witch happen to be expired and so got renewed BEFORE the procedure complete. In a resilient system I simply can upload the new one, sure this act trigger some extra actions, but extra actions who will happen anyway, only just after a bigger delay. Did you remember the Toyoda model vs the Ford one? Well, local first it's the same. At any scale.