> it was hard work and he had to be there the whole time to answer questions about what he meant by a sentence. I don't consider that work to be illegitimate; h

> it was hard work and he had to be there the whole time to answer questions about what he meant by a sentence. I don't consider that work to be illegitimate; he gave me fully-written essays that I did not change the content of, only the grammar, so that his actual thought could reach his prof in a clear way. That's called tutoring. Not only is it legal, but a lot of institutions encourage it and even run official services to offer it. Language proficiency for foreign students is often a pretty big barrier to their success. Your student learned from you, and I'm sure he wasn't ashamed back home to tell his parents that he hired a tutor to sharpen his skills. What these people are doing is different, they are sending in the assignment and expecting a completed paper at the end. They may or may not use it to further their understanding or skills, but they will definitely submit it as their own. > white-presenting Canadian What does that even mean?