> When there are 5 elements, they follow 5 different guidelines: Pixel-perfect alignment is not a hard rule. It's only for a list of homogenous items would the

> When there are 5 elements, they follow 5 different guidelines: Pixel-perfect alignment is not a hard rule. It's only for a list of homogenous items would they need to be aligned perfectly. But when the elements are heterogenous, as the screenshot in your link refers to, the human brain does weird thing to what we see, and alignment has to be adjusted for it to "look right". This is particularly well-known in font design, with things like variable ascender height, cap height, and kerning. https://fonts.google.com/knowledge/glossary/cap_height https://fonts.google.com/knowledge/glossary/cap_height >Note that due to optical illusion, round and pointed capitals (for instance the O and A) will extend a little above the cap height to make them appear as tall as the flat-topped capitals.