In the beginning of his book he spends a chapter explaining exactly what he means by consciousness. I'd say the first few chapters are worth reading since it do

In the beginning of his book he spends a chapter explaining exactly what he means by consciousness. I'd say the first few chapters are worth reading since it does a really good job of de-obfuscating the term consciousness, and also has a really interesting take on metaphors as the language of the mind. He points out that most reasoning is done automatically and done by your subconscious. When something "clicks" it's usually not because your internal monologue reasoned about it hard enough, it's because something percolated down into your subconscious and you learned a metaphor that helped you understand that thing. So animals can also reason and make value judgements even without language or an internal monologue.