You can’t avoid garbage if you deal with generic programs — Rust and C++ can only implement a subset of all programs without RC (which is the most basic GC algo

You can’t avoid garbage if you deal with generic programs — Rust and C++ can only implement a subset of all programs without RC (which is the most basic GC algorithm). This is the same way to many other interesting CS properties — most of them are undecidable at compile time, so you have to do it at runtime.