Only vaguely related to your comment, but comparing cities can give unreliable data. City boundaries within a metropolitan area are often quite arbitrary. A m

Only vaguely related to your comment, but comparing cities can give unreliable data. City boundaries within a metropolitan area are often quite arbitrary. A murder can happen on one block and be in the city and two blocks over and outside the city. A good example is Detroit. Greater metro Detroit has 4.3M people, but the city of Detroit has 632,000. And the city of Detroit is where most of the poverty is and most murders happen, within the larger metro area, so you end up with super high murder rates for Detroit and super low murder rates for the surrounding area. But in the grand scheme of things it’s just one big metro area.