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A lot, if not all of this, was based on the Dragon Book[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilers:_Principles,_Techniques,_and_Tools https://en.wikipedia.org/

• bb88 4y ago
  A lot of people build toy languages too -- to the point that some become self hosting. But there are also just an absolute ton of parsers out there to define a grammar and parse the language into an AST (Abstract Syntax Tree). Once you have an AST then you can build an interpreter that runs the code directly in a JVM, or you can build a compiler that translates AST into LLVM, say.