definitely this .... non-technical managers have literally no tools at their disposal other than to bug other people to do things. in a crisis, therefore, all

definitely this .... non-technical managers have literally no tools at their disposal other than to bug other people to do things. in a crisis, therefore, all they can do is dial up how often and how much they bug everyone else to do the actual work. At best they act as communication hub, gathering crucial information and coordinating to ensure it gets to the right people as fast as possible and they act on it in the right way. But even in that role they are limited because they don't have enough insight to really know who needs to know what and what they can do with the information.