The materials need to be mined and refined _once_. Then they're in the reuse/recycle -loop forever. Oil we pump out of the ground (mine), refine and transport

The materials need to be mined and refined _once_. Then they're in the reuse/recycle -loop forever. Oil we pump out of the ground (mine), refine and transport in a constant stream and then we literally burn it into dust. GOTO10. More people have been "impoverished" by oil spill damage than ever will be because of battery mineral mining or electricity generation.