Perhaps Foucault could make things a bit clearer, which as philosophy goes, the clear is always muddier, muddled with more questions: "I don't say the things I

Perhaps Foucault could make things a bit clearer, which as philosophy goes, the clear is always muddier, muddled with more questions: "I don't say the things I say because they are what I think, I say them as a way to make sure they no longer are what I think. [...] To be really certain that from now on, outside of me, they are going to live or die in such a way that I will not have to recognize myself in them." [1] One other thing, pertaining to philosophers and learning, is to account for the distinction between "learning" and "training" or even "taming". Learning is something which comes from inside, Plato would call it anamnesis [2], a kind of remembering of innate knowledge, having Socrates show that a slave already knew mathematics in the dialogue Meno. Whereas, training and taming are always outside pressures. This is one of the reasons why Plato hated sophists, or if he could, despised the self-help literature of today: help, knowledge, learning can only come from inside [3]. This is also why Plato would say "machine learning" is a misnomer, the machine doesn't learn from an inside, but it is forced by us, the outside, to learn, even in unsupervised learning, it's actually "machine training". [4] Hence why Wittgenstein and Kierkegaard (and even Heidegger) advise against thinking that one can learn to be from someone else: authenticity is a process, not a fact. [1] From minute 14, but the whole interview is interesting, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qzoOhhh4aJg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qzoOhhh4aJg [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anamnesis_(philosophy) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anamnesis_(philosophy) [3] An example of this in micro would be a transistor (or a voltage-gated ion channel): once they establish their form, being able to switch states between 0 and 1, suddenly they have access to an entire new realm, the truth table, which was always there, somewhere (Plato would call this ἰδέα, form, idea [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%B0%CE%B4%CE%AD%CE%B1 https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%B0%CE%B4%CE%AD%CE%B1]). [4] Just to get political for a second: this is also why "police training" and "military training" will only produce sociopathic, murderous, PTSD-stricken shells of a human being: an external force, the state, the tradition, sociopathic leaders, sociopathic societies, is obliterating any sense of internal learning, from empathic de-escalation to removal of the preconditions of violence altogether.