I’m not sure that’s the only possible interpretation. Crimes aren’t always reported. Stop-and-frisk mostly turns up crimes such as illegal possession of weapon

I’m not sure that’s the only possible interpretation. Crimes aren’t always reported. Stop-and-frisk mostly turns up crimes such as illegal possession of weapon, illegal possession of substance, and parole violation. None of these are likely to be reported by by anyone because the nature of them is mostly that only the participants in the crime know about the crime. Also, I’m not making any moral or ethical claims above. I dislike stop-and-frisk because it is too subjective, not targeted enough, and corrodes the trust between police and citizens that benefit most from that trust. I’m also not making similar judgements about which actions should be crimes in the law — I’m sure we have too many. But I do highly value talking honestly about the data we use for policy decisions. And in the context of the Vallejo article, I think corrupt police departments very much increase crime in their jurisdictions. I was in LA when the Rampart District scandal became public and I was nearby when LAPD brass tried to figure out how to handle it.