As in any other scientific field: you put forward a theory and if there is enough evidence that does not fit the theory it’s debunked. In economics, "enough" i

As in any other scientific field: you put forward a theory and if there is enough evidence that does not fit the theory it’s debunked. In economics, "enough" is hard to assess though. Also, a theory may linger around for a while because it suits the agenda of some people. And I guess many more methodical issues like these.