Logarithmic scaling factors for your management layers. Below 50, you basically have a flat org. Even with nominal mangers, everyone is effectively on the same

Logarithmic scaling factors for your management layers. Below 50, you basically have a flat org. Even with nominal mangers, everyone is effectively on the same team. 50-150 you need an actual management layer, but these managers are all on the same team, and are also close to the ICs on their team so they have the full context of the entire business between the management group. 150+ you need to introduce a manager-of-managers layer which means you have increased overhead across the board in addition the other communication and coordination challenges.