If the alternatives had broader appeal, they would be more popular. However at this juncture, they don't. Ads mean free stuff. Ad blockers mean better free stuf

If the alternatives had broader appeal, they would be more popular. However at this juncture, they don't. Ads mean free stuff. Ad blockers mean better free stuff. Academic arguments about externalities will be brushed away because "free stuff". What you're looking for is a regulatory solution. E.g. people will not individually choose a lower carbon lifestyle in sufficient numbers to reverse/slow climate change. You need to actively discourage it by policy.