What's stopping you from finding the answers to these questions yourself? What happens if you prefix encode with b? >>> b'these are bytes'.encode('utf8')

What's stopping you from finding the answers to these questions yourself? What happens if you prefix encode with b? >>> b'these are bytes'.encode('utf8') Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> AttributeError: 'bytes' object has no attribute 'encode' What if you don’t prefix decode with b? >>> 'this is a string'.decode('utf8') Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode' What other possible values can go in the brackets? Can I encode and decode all types of input? https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#standard-encodings https://docs.python.org/3/library/codecs.html#standard-encod... Proper Unicode handling is hard for developers because many prefer not to think about it at all. Do you have an example of a language that has a Unicode conversion API that does work for you?