Also, here's a writeup by one of the authors explaining the history and context behind this paper: http://www.wfnmc.org/mc20101.pdf http://www.wfnmc.org/mc20101

Also, here's a writeup by one of the authors explaining the history and context behind this paper: http://www.wfnmc.org/mc20101.pdf http://www.wfnmc.org/mc20101.pdf Apparently the question posed in the title of the paper is still an open question, although both authors conjecture that the answer is "no". There's previous discussion on HN (2015) but I hadn't seen it before: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10622660 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10622660 I found out about this through this stack exchange answer that also lists other candidates for "shortest math paper ever" by various metrics: https://hsm.stackexchange.com/a/14612/18150 https://hsm.stackexchange.com/a/14612/18150