I don’t really know what you’re trying to say. There are many things one can invest in. And indeed cash and money market funds are not strongly exposed to inte

I don’t really know what you’re trying to say. There are many things one can invest in. And indeed cash and money market funds are not strongly exposed to interest rate risk, and a rate change does not affect their present value to any substantial extent. And banks can absolutely make money without taking on interest rate risk. They can hedge, or they can invest in things that produce earnings at a rate that varies with interest rate (short term bonds, adjustable rate mortgages, etc). Or both. Or take on a limited amount of interest rate risk such that they are okay if they bet wrong.