> are any banks solvent if a run happens You're asking more about liquidity, than solvency. All banks in the US that are following regulations should be solven

> are any banks solvent if a run happens You're asking more about liquidity, than solvency. All banks in the US that are following regulations should be solvent. But, most banks in the US would not be liquid enough to survive a run. > If not, then at what point are banks considered solvent. Solvency is basically: "does the long-term value of your assets exceed your liabilities". Liquidity is: "can you sell assets right now to meet your outgoing liabilities right now". The problem for banks is, in almost all cases some loans will have longer-term time-frames, while almost all depositors can theoretically ask for their money back at any given time. So, for almost any bank a strong enough run will cause them to fail a liquidity test (even if they are solvent).