Oh, you haven't seen anything yet. Richmond, Virginia has a city police department, a sheriff's department, a capitol police department, and a campus police dep

Oh, you haven't seen anything yet. Richmond, Virginia has a city police department, a sheriff's department, a capitol police department, and a campus police department, and is of course within the jurisdiction of the state police department. Most of the city is within the jurisdiction of at least four of these five. It seems that each entity starts out performing a specific function, but policing is important and we don't want them to just not enforce the law because it's "not their jurisdiction", so we'll just give them more jurisdiction... and the funding to match... and eventually you have 3-5 departments doing basically the same thing in basically the same area. It's terrible. It leads to budget bloat and overpolicing, complicates oversight, and makes it harder for locals to manage police interactions because they're dealing with discordant department policies and ethos. (edit: It may be important to note that the police departments themselves seem to consider all of these things a feature, not a bug.)