ICE cars have a few key deficiencies - lots of energy lost to heat - aggregate efficiency lost to going to refueling stations - decreased efficiency over the

ICE cars have a few key deficiencies - lots of energy lost to heat - aggregate efficiency lost to going to refueling stations - decreased efficiency over the life span of the vehicle EV cars have a few key efficiencies - able to regenerate power on braking (a HUGE amount, and also why hybrid cars last so long) - longer lifespan of vehicle and drive train (EVs are significantly more reliable, and the lack of moving parts means that wear takes quite a lot longer). an example of this in practice is the significantly better reliability of hybrid cars, which reduce hours on the ICE engine with batteries to great benefit and we haven't even unlocked all of the benefits, battery density, and recycling stories available for EVs that will propel them further. The key deficiencies for EVs right now are - cost - this has been going down over time, EVs are still firmly in the luxury segment, although we will likely see a new sub-$25k EV with reasonable mileage by the end of the decade - battery pollution - mining the batteries is bad, there is no way around it. battery recycling is a new technology and will be crucial for EVs in the future, both for cost reasons, but also pollution - tire pollution - the heavy weight of EVs leads to high particulate matter of rubber, but this is also something that is being actively worked on. It also increases load wear, but new battery tech will help mitigate this. - power grid - high ev saturation will overload the powergrid, although this is greatly mitigated by solar banking and low peak charging. This might be one of the hardest things to overcome, as it requires significant public spending, but it's not hopeless at all. No matter which way you look at it, EVs are the future, but there are still lots of issues to be worked on.