Here is the actual paper[0] the article is referencing. Check the "Conclusions and future work" section specifically. The authors say that the correct way to p

Here is the actual paper[0] the article is referencing. Check the "Conclusions and future work" section specifically. The authors say that the correct way to prevent manual disabling of the camera LED indicator is by using a hardware solution. Which makes me believe that the hardware solution you are referencing was simply not a thing in pre-2008 models (which the paper is talking about) and got added later. P.S. Found this old reddit thread[1], saying that starting with the 2009 model, the official specs started calling out the hardwired LED indicator, so I assume that 2009 was the year it got introduced. Which aligns with the timeline of the research paper. 0. https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/usenixsecurity14/sec14-paper-brocker.pdf https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/usenixsecurit... 1. https://reddit.com/r/apple/comments/5kg6hf/is_the_webcam_led_hardwired_in_newer_macs/ https://reddit.com/r/apple/comments/5kg6hf/is_the_webcam_led...