There's a ton of conflicting research in this space, and it's by no means a "settled" issue. Other studies have shown increased testosterone and muscle growth

There's a ton of conflicting research in this space, and it's by no means a "settled" issue. Other studies have shown increased testosterone and muscle growth in men from intermittent fasting. Intuitively, though I think the IF approach makes more sense. We evolved to be in a sort of consistent cycle of massively reduced calories with short periods of calorie and protein bursts (from a successful hunt). The "eat all the time" thing is pretty new to us, historically speaking, and we're poorly adapted to it (see obesity rates). I know a lot of bodybuilders (I'm a gym rat) who do the constant eating thing to help them get bigger, but those guys are also using various hormone hacks in conjunction with their training/diet, or they tend to have a pretty high body fat percentage.