> Therefore consumer applications will need to perform deduplication or handle incoming messages in an idempotent manner. > The way we achieve exactly-once del

> Therefore consumer applications will need to perform deduplication or handle incoming messages in an idempotent manner. > The way we achieve exactly-once delivery in practice is by faking it. Either the messages themselves should be idempotent, meaning they can be applied more than once without adverse effects, or we remove the need for idempotency through deduplication. Doesn't have to be a "true" exactly-once. Just practically so. It's like saying "humans can't actually fly... they are faking it by using machines".