> Reynolds, a British manufacturer known for its bicycle tubing, found that making a steel frame costs 17.5 kg CO2, while a titanium or stainless steel frame co

> Reynolds, a British manufacturer known for its bicycle tubing, found that making a steel frame costs 17.5 kg CO2, while a titanium or stainless steel frame costs around 55 kg CO2 per frame – three times as much. 4 Starling Cycles, a rare producer of steel mountain bikes, concluded that a typical carbon frame uses 16 times more energy than a steel frame. (That would be 280 kg CO2). These are small numbers, probably not worth stressing over. Even if we count the cost of carbon at a very conservative level like what it would cost to remove it from the air (~$160/T: https://www.jefftk.com/keith2018.pdf https://www.jefftk.com/keith2018.pdf), these are just: * Steel: 17.5kg -> $2.80 * Titanium or Stainless: 55kg -> $8.80 * Carbon fiber: 280kg -> $45